Substance Abuse And Homeless People - 3056 Words

Healthy People 2020 – Substance Abuse and Homeless People Nara D’Angelis Sousa Do Nascimento Public Health Promotion National University School of Health and Human Services Abstract Substance abuse impacts the society on multiple levels and it is a major and complex public health problem. The total overall costs of substance abuse in the United States exceeds $600 billion per year. Substance abuse is often a cause of homelessness and homeless people report that drugs and/or alcohol were a major reason for them becoming homeless. Drug overdose is a new epidemic and it is the leading cause of death among homeless. At a state level, California accounted for more than 22% of the nation’s homeless population in 2013. Several determinants of health can be addressed to the high prevalence of substance abuse in homeless people. A fish bone diagram will be used to illustrate six determinants of health: Stress, Poverty, Discrimination, Housing, Access to Health Care and Social Support. Homeless people face stressful situations related to violence and danger and emotional dysfunctions. The access to health care has several barriers for homeless people. Poverty is al so related to all the factors to contribute to drug use. At last, lack of social support from family and friends and for recovery. Discrimination that leads to marginalization, stigma and increase of emotional distress. .Keywords: substance abuse, determinants of health, homeless people. Healthy People 2020 –Show MoreRelatedHomeless Research Paper1487 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless: Who Are They? In 2005, NCH (National Coalition for the Homeless) estimated 3.5 million people experience homelessness in the US every year (NCH,1). But what is homelessness? Jim Baumohl, a noted author, explained in Homelessness in America, the most common definition of homelessness used by researchers is the â€Å"absence of belonging to a specific place or to people† (NCH, 3). However, there is no set definition, due to the variety of living conditions a homeless person encounters, and theRead MoreThe Homelessness And Substance Abuse1436 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness and substance abuse Centell Brown Kelley Peterson SW- 751 Perspectives/Chemical Dependency Professor R. Chaisson, PhD., LCSW, BACS Southern University at New Orleans December 10, 2014 Abstract ​Homelessness and substance abuse are often two problems that continue to be linked together. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (2011), research conducted in the past five years indicates that about 50% of those who are homeless have co-occurringRead MoreTaking a Look at Homelessness893 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity, there are a large number of homeless individuals. In homeless population, mental illness commonly present in the forms of schizophrenia, depression, personality disorders, substance abuse, and other affective disorders. According to Metro Vancouver Homeless Count, there are â€Å"400 homeless people in Surrey, representing 15% of the regions 2650 homeless† (City of Surrey, n.d, â€Å"2014†). This problem has been present for many years and there are still people suffering from the basic lack of properRead MoreMental Health and the Homeless Community Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with distress and/or impa ired functioning† (2011). Our community is exposed to a large number of individuals with mental illness. Among those individuals are the widespread homeless populations. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development reported â€Å"twenty-five percent of the sheltered homeless report a severe mental illness (as cited in Allender, Rector and Warner 2014 p. 907).† This author found the target population to be predominantly Caucasian, Non-Hispanic, single malesRead MoreEmpathy Is Defined As, â€Å"The Power Of Understanding And1533 Words   |  7 PagesWant You to Know About Being Homeless in America, she writes, â€Å"I think there is a prevalent assumption in our society that homelessness is caused by an individual’s inability to make the right choices in their life† (Jayda Shuavarnnasri). Those assumptions are causing a daze between what is true and what people think about the homeless. While most homeless people do not choose to be homele ss, outsiders often prejudge them as alcoholics, drug abusers, and lazy people in general. This is far from theRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless Population, Origins And Consequences Of Homelessness1373 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness Some background information on the prevalence of and risk factors for the homeless population, origins and consequences of homelessness, prevention and treatment strategies, and other considerations will be presented. The definition of homelessness may cover a broad range of individuals, including those physically deprived of a home and housed persons unwilling to remain in their homes (Ravenhill 6). Some researchers conceptualize homelessness as â€Å"alienation from the rest of the societyRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 Pagesand interventions to be able to help the homeless population, we must understand their mental health and behavioral needs. The information they all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordable housing. The homeless population shares different struggles whenRead MoreThe Effects Of Homeless Conditions, Drug Abuse, And Mental Illness1464 Words   |  6 PagesA study of the Impact a Correlation of Homeless conditions , Drug Abuse, and Mental illness has on the Health and Wellbeing of Individuals Robin Mullineaux Salt Lake Community College Abstract This paper utilizes five peer reviewed articles for the purpose of identifying the interconnections between psychiatric conditions, self-medication and Homelessness. Depending on the severity of the psychiatric disorder, circumstances can lead to a homeless situation or nomadic lifestyle. It willRead MoreThe Social Issue Of Mental Health1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdepression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder. In the United States one in four people have anxiety disorders while 20 percent have a serious mental illness (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Statistics [SAMHSA], 1998, p. 116). Psychiatric hospitals are hospitals that specialize in the treatment of serious mental disorders. However, the process of deinstitutionalization hasRead MoreIntroduction . When Researchers Asked A Group Of Homeless1731 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction When researchers asked a group of homeless youth why they left home, their responses were rather heartbreaking. Among some of their answers included were, â€Å"she kicked me out because I was too much of a problem for her†, â€Å"my parents are abusive and drug addicts†, and â€Å"because my mom never had a house and did drugs† (Bernstein, Fosters 2008). Unfortunately the number of homeless youths seems to be steadily rising. The U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development database found

The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance

Qualifications Since my high school years, I have been passionate about gaining valuable medical and public health information in order to share with my peers and the community at large. As a current undergraduate senior majoring in Community and Behavioral Health, I have been able to expand my knowledge concerning the importance of maintaining one’s health in order to optimize one’s quality of life. My educational experience at the University of Maryland has reemphasized the importance of health professionals attuning to their patients holistic health, such as their social, emotional, and physical well-being, instead of solely focusing on their disease status. One specific topic that affects the holistic health of undergraduate students is sleep deprivation. I am interested in this topic not simply because I am a student in the School of Public Health, but because I am an undergraduate student that is also affected by the lack of adequate sleep. Topic Definition Development For the Research Review Article, I wanted to understand how sleep deprivation affects undergraduates’ academic performance. My topic question is as follow: What is the underlining cause of sleep deprivation in undergraduate students how does this phenomenon negatively affects their academic performance? It is well known that poor sleep pattern is a common trend in college students. What I am seeking to fully understand is whether the hours allocated for sleeping is the primary problem, or isShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance1557 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Performance Less sleep causes less focus on academic performance. Sleep deprivation is a problem when it comes to academic performance; therefore students should learn how to manage their time and get enough sleep. Many have argued and many others agreed that sleep deprivation does have a big effect on the performance of students in school. For those who don t agree probably think that sleep deprivation has nothing to do with the bad performance of studentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 Pages The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditory dysfunctionRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of College Students Sleep is something that every human experiences nearly every night. It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as th ey persist throughRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 PagesEng 112.0004 Mrs. B. Peterson October 13, 2017 Sleep deprivation Thesis Statement: Sleep deprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive andRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep On Undergraduate Academic Performance1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Sleep on Undergraduate Academic Performance There are only a few needs of humans that are essential for survival. These include food, water, oxygen, and sleep (Gilbert Weaver, 2010). A lack of any of these fundamental needs can be detrimental to human functioning (Orzel-Gryglewska, 2010). The effects of sleep deprivation are numerous. Without sleep humans can be irritable, distracted, forgetful, and even experience hallucinations. There are even diseases associated with continualRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, whichRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four hours, sleep has rarely been prio ritised in college. Psychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong, The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditory dysfunction, higher proportion of tobacco or alcohol usage, and traffic accidents. Future research can lead to ways of preventing sleep deprivation from occurring as often. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION Sleep deprivation has many negative aspects, particularly on college students. Many studies show sleep deprivation not only causes a negative effect on academic performance, but can also become a safety concern with a student’s place of employment. Sleep deprivation causes auditory disturbances that can also affect learning. Lack of sleep or interrupted sleep can affect a college student’s academic success. The study by Chiang, Arendt, Zheng, Hanisch (2014) was to determine the effects of sleep deprivation have on a college students academic and job performance. An online questionnaire was utilized with 206 students participating, but only 172 fully answered questionnaires were utilized. Researchers have defined Delayed Sleep PhaseShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance1557 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Performance Less sleep causes less focus on academic performance. Sleep deprivation is a problem when it comes to academic performance; therefore students should learn how to manage their time and get enough sleep. Many have argued and many others agreed that sleep deprivation does have a big effect on the performance of students in school. For those who don t agree probably think that sleep deprivation has nothing to do with the bad performance of studentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance852 Words   |  4 Pagesundergraduate students is sleep deprivation. I am interested in this topic not simply because I am a student in the School of Public Health, but because I am an undergraduate student that is also affected by the lack of adequate sleep. Topic Definition Development For the Research Review Article, I wanted to understand how sleep deprivation affects undergraduates’ academic performance. My topic question is as follow: What is the underlining cause of sleep deprivation in undergraduate studentsRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of College Students Sleep is something that every human experiences nearly every night. It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as th ey persist throughRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 PagesEng 112.0004 Mrs. B. Peterson October 13, 2017 Sleep deprivation Thesis Statement: Sleep deprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive andRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep On Undergraduate Academic Performance1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Sleep on Undergraduate Academic Performance There are only a few needs of humans that are essential for survival. These include food, water, oxygen, and sleep (Gilbert Weaver, 2010). A lack of any of these fundamental needs can be detrimental to human functioning (Orzel-Gryglewska, 2010). The effects of sleep deprivation are numerous. Without sleep humans can be irritable, distracted, forgetful, and even experience hallucinations. There are even diseases associated with continualRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, whichRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four hours, sleep has rarely been prio ritised in college. Psychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong,

Coles Supermarket Case Study for Promotion -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theColes Supermarket Case Studyfor Product and Promotion. Answer: Introduction Marketing is a mix of activities that companies used in trading to attract and keep customers (Investopedia LLC, 2017). This is essential to build and sustain the companys brand in the market. However, ethical issues must be taken into consideration while utilising different strategies in marketing. Coles is a supermarket giant operating across Australia for more than 100 years. Its rebranding of its own-brand products became a topic in 2009 because it was previously being criticised for having a similar logo with the Australian Heart Foundation. The tick symbol on the label of the products means that they meet the requirements of the Foundation regarding nutritional content. However, some of the products of Coles contains ingredients that causes health risks despite of its claims. Because of this, product and promotion of the 5Ps of marketing (Australian Government, 2017) are the main focus of the arguments regarding ethical issues. A Brief History of Coles Coles is a supermarket retailer founded by GJ Coles on 09 April 1914. Its first store was opened in Collingwood, Victoria (Coles Supermarket Australia Pty Ltd, 2017). During the last century, the history of the company includes: first electrical appliances sold (1946), launched cosmetic range (1948), converted the shop to self-service (1956), opened the first freestanding supermarket (1960), introduced home brand products (1970), used electronic scanners (1982), established liquor interests and creation of Coles Myer Ltd (1985), adopted new technology (1990), set up Flybuys program (1993), trialled online shopping in Melbourne (1999), inaugurated Coles Express service stations (mid 2004) and was acquired by Wesfarmers (2007). Currently, it has more than 780 stores operating around Australia. This supermarket offers a variety of products and services for consumers including grocery items, alcohol, insurance and credit card services, loyalty cards and many others. For over 100 years, Coles is committed to improving the quality of service they provide to their consumers. Their aim as of today according to Wesfarmers website (2017) is to provide a shop that Australians can trust, delivering quality service and value. They are trying to continue their efforts to sustain in the market while delivering quality fresh food for a cheaper price. Arguments Mislead Consumers Incorrect labelling This is mainly by using cholesterol free on the label even though the Trans fats that it contains make the cholesterol level to increase which can be harmful to consumers health once consumed. Label is an essential factor for consumers in deciding the right product that they need. According to Singh and Gupta (2016), label provides helpful information on the description and contents of a product, instructions on how to use it as well as its manufacturer. This is the first contact of a prospective buyer when sales agents are not around to help them decide which product to use so it should be accurately described. Because of its usefulness, there are different governing bodies created to ensure that label complies with the standards. By law, it is important to note that any form of misleading or deceptive conduct is illegal. Similarly, if a company did the same with their claims on their products or services, they will be held liable. Food Standards Australia New Zealand website (2015) states that Australian Consumer Law (ACL), which is confined in Competition and Consumers Act 2010, is enforced by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) to protect consumers in Australia. In the Coles Branding case study, Coles made a claim on its canola and vegetable oils that is misleading to consumers. Putting a cholesterol free on the labels of the product is a misrepresentation because the Trans fatty acid ingredient of the oil could potentially increase the level of cholesterol of a person. This is critical to people especially those who have heart problems history in order to avoid any unnecessary consequences on their health. It appears that their cholesterol free claim is contradicting with the effects of the oil in the body. This should be explained by giving advisory statement to consumers about this issue. Free riding with the Heart Foundation logo Due to the similarity of logos of the Heart Foundation and Coles SmartBuy and Youll Love Coles as shown in the images below, it suggests that lower price items are as nutritious as the expensive ones and it is easily recognisable as a healthy option. (SMH Fairfax Media, 2009) Coles Branding Case Study (Cohen et al 2013) The National Heart Foundation of Australia (2016) is enthusiastic in improving the heart conditions and saving the lives of Australian. A white tick with a red circle background is its logo which indicates that an ordinary customer can distinguished healthier options compared to similar food since this is only put on labels of companies that meet their standard for nutrition including fat, salt and fibre. Because of this, it seems like the supermarket brand is somehow using the tick resemblance logo with the foundation to attract customers. Although this is legal, this can still potentially mislead the consumers on buying the right healthy product for them especially some of them are relatively cheaper. An ordinary consumer who has no enough knowledge regarding this matter may not understand this unless it is pointed out to them. In some cases, this may be too late as harm has been done already. Oppositions Argument or Position The consumers should read the label before buying the product. Every individuals needs are different with each other so every consumer has to carefully select the products that they need. This is in particular with the people who are health conscious and needed to limit the amount of certain food ingredients they intake. Sometimes, researching is necessary to avoid consequences as most of the food products are manufactured for everyday consumers and not for any specific types unless stated otherwise. However, this will not be achieved if there are no information included on the product itself by the manufacturer. As suggested by Boatright (2012), ensuring adequate information lies between the buyer and the seller. This means that customer shares responsibility with the seller when they purchase the product. In Australia, there is a contract when a customer chooses a product from the shelf of the shop and pay it in the counter (ACCC, 2017). This is legally binding so the terms and conditions must be understood before buying the product. Penalties may apply if breach in contract happens depending on the scenario. Ethical Decision-Making Approaches and Theories The different ethical decision-making approaches and theories used to reach the conclusions are: Fairness or Justice This is one of essential moral requirement of any market transaction which involves providing adequate information as a form of right. The labelling of vegetable and canola oil could have been provided with more information like warning that even though it does not contain cholesterol, it can still cause to increase its level when taken. Well-being Although the contents of the oil are not harmful, if the person who will consume it has health problems and was not informed properly due to inadequate information, the company is still not protecting the person from any harmful products. Freedom Every consumer has the right to choose the product that they really want. If Coles indicated that a warning, for example, indicating the effects of trans fatty acids or just simply removing the cholesterol free to avoid misleading the consumers, the customers can decide carefully on which product they truly need. Manipulation and Deception The way Coles SmartBuy and Youll Love It brands were being advertised as likely manipulating the minds of consumers into thinking that their products are cheaper but healthy alternative option because of its similarity with Heart Foundations logo. Also, it is likely deceiving the consumers due to misleading information about the claims they made on some of their products. Recommendations There are various ways on how this can be done ethically correct to prevent any unnecessary circumstances to arise. Some of these are: Seller should add advisory statement on the label that once the product is used and consumed, cholesterol level may increase. This is to ensure that customers can choose freely the products that they need base on the adequate information given. Customers should look closely at the products written information and do relevant research if necessary Every customers need is different thus every consumer has to select the products they need. Particularly people with issues needs to limit certain ingredients they take. Thus the manufacturer should include all the information about the product in the label. Ensuring satisfactory information lies among the seller and the buyer. There is contract in Australia that states that when a customer picks manufactured goods from the shelf, must pay for it in the counter before use. This bids legally the terms and the conditions which must be understood before purchasing the product. If the contract is breached, it attracts a penalty depending with the scenario. First and foremost there should be justice which is an essential requirement in any transaction in the market. This involves the provision of right and adequate information. Secondly, even though, the contents in the oil maybe not harmful, if the customer consumes and gets health problems due to inadequate information, the company is n ot protective to their customers from harmful products. Conclusion Lastly, there should be no deception or manipulation. The way Coles SmartBuy was advertised is manipulative to the mind of the consumers, making them think that their products are cheap but healthy. Likely, they deceived the customers with the misleading information of their products. There are ethically correct way of preventing unnecessary circumstances that may arise. First, the seller should include advisory statement when labelling the products that once the product is consumed, there will be an increase in cholesterol level. This will ensure customers can freely choose products that have adequate information provided. Customers should closely look at the written information in the product and research about the relevant information if necessary. References Singh, S Gupta, S, 2016, Business Studies, revised edn, viewed 28 September 2017, https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DxS8DQAAQBAJpg=PT401dq=product+label+importancehl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwign6WzyMfWAhXHS7wKHT2tDvYQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepageq=product%20label%20importancef=false. Australian Competition Consumer Commission 2017, False or misleading claims, Advertising and Selling Guide, ACCC, viewed 28 September 2017, https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/avoid-misleading-or-deceptive-claims-or-conduct/false-or-misleading-claims. Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2017, Truth in labelling, weights and measures and legibility, Food Standards Code, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, viewed 01 October 2017, https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/truth/Pages/default.aspx. Grace, D. and Cohen, S. (2013) Business Ethics: 5th ed., Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. Burke, K 2009, Exposed: home brand deception, The Sydney Morning Herald, Fairfax Media viewed 27 September 2017, https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/exposed-home-brand-deception/2009/01/16/1231608986605.html. National Heart Foundation of Australia 2016, About us, Heart Foundation, viewed 02 October 2017, https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/about-us. Coles Supermarket Australia Pty Ltd 2017, Our History, Coles, viewed 02 October 2017, https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/centenary. Wesfarmers Limited 2017, Coles, Wesfarmers viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/our-businesses/coles. Investopedia LLC 2017, Marketing, Investopedia, viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing.asp. Australian Government 2017, The 5 Ps of marketing, Business, business.gov.au, viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/marketing/the-5-ps-of-marketing.

Japan vs Uk Economy Essay Example

Japan vs Uk Economy Essay Contemporary history of Japan and UK Japan is the first Asian country to industrialise its economy and become on par with the advanced west. This is all down to a very strong and determined work ethic and their technological aptitude. They place very high emphasis on education and with a comparatively small defence allocation (1% GDP) they have one of the most technologically advanced economies in the world. Japan enjoyed real economic growth for three decades with a 10% average in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s and 4% in the 1980s. However, growth slowed markedly in the 1990s to an average of 1. 7% due largely to inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s. In March 2011, Japan was hit with their strongest-ever earthquake, and a subsequent tsunami, which caused major devastation, killing thousands and damaging several nuclear power plants. The catastrophe disrupted the countrys economy and its energy infrastructure, and severely strained its capacity to deal with the humanitarian disaster (https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja. html). The UK was the first nation to industrialise by the mid nineteenth century she was considered the most advanced economy in the world. The British industrial revolution was founded on the basis of the market or capitalist economy. Adam smith is the father of the capitalist economy, he identified some key features of this system in his book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† 1776, the features were: private ownership of resources; the price mechanism allocating scarce resources; laissez faire; competition; profit motive; and consumer sovereignty the Prior to 1979 the British approach to macroeconomic policies was very Keynesian. We will write a custom essay sample on Japan vs Uk Economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Japan vs Uk Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Japan vs Uk Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Britain joined the European Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System (EMS) which meant that the British pound was tied to the EU exchange rate (Woodward, 2004). Britain’s financial policies were influenced by the collapse in oil prices during the early part of 1986. This meant that the level of tax revenue was reduced and the government was forced to delay any major reductions in income taxation. The collapse meant that government could only manage a 1 percent reduction in the basic rate (Woodward, 2004). 992 saw the end of Britain’s membership of the ERM which also brought about a major recession, affecting those who had benefited from the economic boom of the 1980s. Thatcherism saw the privatisation of many state owned entities, including British Airways, British Telecom and British Gas amongst others. The global economic recession of 2009 saw Britain plunder into deep recession, which lead to rising inflation and unemployment. Current economic situation Japan’s economy is sustained by its highly educated and well motivated labour force (Rosser and Rosser, 2004). For decades employers have guaranteed lifetime employment to their employees, hence the reason for Japan’s employment stability. This guarantee over the past few years, have been eroding because of dual pressure from global competition and changes in the demographic domestically (https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja. html). Nakajima et al (2000) stated that Japan’s economic growth since the burst of the economic bubble in 1990 has been minimal, with an average GDP growth rate of less than 1 percent in the 1990’s. Rosser and Rosser (2004) pointed out that Japan was the first nation of non-European origin to industrialise and experience modern economic growth. Its slogan â€Å"Japanese spirit and Western ability† sums up Japan’s approach to economic development. They succeeded by maintaining the Japanese culture which inculcates a good work ethic with western technology. Japan’s fiscal policy has attracted attention because of the relatively low levels of government spending and taxation (Rosser and Rosser, 2004). Rosser and Rosser (2004) stated that many believe that Japan’s relatively low level of social transfer payments encourages savings and hard work. Japan’s economy like most of the developed economies has been in recovery after the global financial crisis of 2009 but the recent earthquake and tsunami has dealt a major blow to their economic growth and recovery. It is argued that Japan has run out of steam and its economic miracle is over. Japan seemed destined in the 1980s to take the number one spot as the world’s leading economy but given recent economic failures this seems highly unlikely in the foreseeable future. The UK economy enjoyed major improvement in its financial stability during the 1980s. However, there was a high price to pay as unemployment rose sharply in 1981 and 1982, with unemployment levels rising to over 3 million in 1983 and remaining above that level until mid 1987 (Sentance, 1998). In 2001-2002 the UK’s GDP growth slipped as the global downturn, the high value of the Pound Sterling and the bursting of the ‘new economy’ bubble hurt manufacturing and exports. Despite being one of Europe’s strongest economies the UK’s growth rate is 1. 6% and unemployment is 7. 9%, this is as a result of the most recent recession that started in the US in 2009, which hit all the major economies, more so the UK because of their close economic links to the US economy.